土壤硝酸盐氮的空间变异特征及影响因素分析     

张玉玲  司超群  陈志宇  初文磊  陈在星  王璜 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(1):241-251

为了掌握土壤中硝酸盐氮的空间变异性规律,为硝酸盐污染土壤控制与修复提供依据,以东北某农业灌区为例,利用地质统计方法进行土壤硝酸盐氮的空间变异特征及影响因素分析。研究结果表明：土壤硝酸盐氮的空间变异性显著,变异系数达到82.88%以上。第一层土壤硝酸盐氮在南北向空间上存在严格的自相关性,空间变异的结构性成分比例较高;第二、三层位土壤硝酸盐氮空间变化接近分形布朗运动;第四层位土壤硝酸盐氮在各方向上都具有较高的随机性。总体土壤硝酸盐氮质量分数由西向东逐渐递减,在浑河中下游以及细河附近土壤硝酸盐氮质量分数偏高。不同影响因素对于硝酸盐氮的空间变异特征影响不一致：土壤硝酸盐氮质量分数与有机质质量分数的空间分布趋势一致;不同土壤类型中,水田环境中土壤硝酸盐氮随着深度线性递减,而其他类型土壤中硝酸盐氮质量分数在表层向下递减后有一个回升现象,这与它们各自所处的环境特点有关,而地表壤土和砂土富含硝酸盐。  相似文献   

荒漠地区包气带氯离子与硝酸盐的空间分布特征          下载免费PDF全文

张金  付素静  王云权  马金珠 《干旱区地理》2013,36(3):409-415

荒漠地区包气带中的Cl^-、NO₃^-与生态环境有密切联系,与地下水安全有直接联系。主要以荒漠地区包气带Cl^-、NO₃^-为研究对象,通过对Cl^-、NO₃^-在包气带及不同土壤类型中的分布特征进行研究,表明强烈的蒸散发作用使Cl^-、NO₃^-呈活塞式分布,同时植物对水分的吸收以及对NO₃^-的优先吸收使NO₃^-表现出不同的分布特征。土壤中的NO₃^-可能被植物优先吸收并遵循营养循环,使表层土壤中出现极大值,随后逐渐减小。靠近表层土壤出现NO₃^-峰值和较高的NO₃^-/Cl^-原子比率反映了蓝藻菌活跃的固N作用;相对较大的NO₃^-/Cl^-原子比率伴随着较低的Cl^-说明在干旱地区稀疏的植被覆盖条件限制了对NO₃^-的吸收作用。不同的土壤类型中,Cl^-、NO₃^-表现出不同的分布特征,在粘性土壤中,NO₃^-、Cl^-浓度随含水率的减小而减小。  相似文献   

不同Eh条件下弱透水层中硝酸盐截留能力     

赵晓波  谢雪  李莹  马臻  李绪谦  樊凯 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(5):1603-1607

为了研究硝酸盐在不同Eh条件下通过弱透水层的迁移机理及转化形式,用天然黏土作为渗透介质弱透水层,在高渗透压条件下进行室内实验,模拟地下水中硝酸盐通过弱透水层的迁移转化过程。结果表明：单位质量黏土截污容量为1.45 mg/g,阻截率R=92%,不同Eh条件下（Eh分别为0、-100、-200 mV）弱透水层对硝酸盐的阻截能力都很强;低氧化还原电位有利于弱透水层吸附硝酸盐。弱透水层中硝酸盐的转化途径表明,弱透水层对硝酸盐的阻截能力很强,是微孔隙截留作用、机械过滤、离子吸附、协同吸附以及较弱的微生物共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

Enzyme Activities and Microbial Communities in Subtropical Forest Soil Aggregates to Ammonium and Nitrate-Nitrogen Additions     

WEI Yan  WANG Zhongqiang  ZHANG Xinyu  YANG Hao  LIU Xiyu  LIU Wenjing 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2017,8(3):258-267

A laboratory incubation experiment was established to examine the impacts of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen additions on soil microbial attributes of a subtropical Pinus elliottii forest ecosystem in southern China. Soils were subjected to three different treatments: the control with no nitrogen addition (CK), the ammonium nitrogen addition (NH₄⁺-N), and the nitrate nitrogen addition (NO₃^--N). Samples from bulk and two different size fractions (macroaggregate (>250 μm) and microaggregate (53-250 μm)) were analyzed for soil properties, enzyme activities and microbial communities on day 7 and 15 of the incubation. Our study demonstrated that NH₄⁺-N had a greater influence on soil microbial activities than NO₃^--N. NH₄⁺-N additions resulted in significant increases in β-1,4-glucosidase (βG) and β-1,4-N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) enzyme activities in bulk, macroaggregate and microaggregate soils after 7 and 15 days incubation. NO₃^--N additions only significantly increased in βG and NAG enzyme activities in bulk, macroaggregate soils after 7 and 15 days incubation, but not in microaggregate. All NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N additions resulted in significant increases in gram-positive bacterial PLFAs in microaggregates. Only a significant correlation between soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities in macroaggregates was founded, which suggests that the soil aggregation structure played an important role in the determining enzyme activities.  相似文献   

水杨酸浓硫酸比色法测定浒苔中硝酸盐含量   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵倩  石晓勇  陈月红  王丽莎  唐洪杰 《海洋学报》2017,39(2):112-119

浒苔是我国绿潮的主要肇事物种,测定其体内硝酸盐含量对研究浒苔对硝酸盐的同化和吸收有着重要意义。本文采用水杨酸浓硫酸比色法对浒苔体内硝酸盐含量进行了测定,并对该方法中样品预处理、显色剂使用量及工作曲线选择等步骤进行了相应的探讨及优化,使其更适用于测定浒苔体内的硝酸盐含量,同时确定了该方法的检出限、精确度和准确度。研究结果表明本文所确定的方法适用于浒苔样品中硝酸盐含量的快速测定。  相似文献   

Floodplain connection buffers seasonal changes in urban stream water quality          下载免费PDF全文

Sarah H. Ledford  Laura K. Lautz 《水文研究》2015,29(6):1002-1016

Urban streams in the Northeastern United States have large road salt inputs during the winter, increased nonpoint sources of inorganic nitrogen and decreased short‐term and permanent storage of nutrients. Restoration activities that re‐establish connection between streams and riparian environments may be effective for improving urban stream water quality. Meadowbrook Creek, a first‐order stream in Syracuse, NY, provides a unique setting to explore impacts of stream–floodplain connection because it flows along a negative urbanization gradient, from channelized and armoured headwaters to a broad, vegetated floodplain with a riparian aquifer. In this study, we investigated how reconnection to groundwater and introduction of riparian vegetation impacted urban surface water chemistry by making biweekly longitudinal surveys of stream water chemistry in the creek from May 2012 until June 2013. We used multiple methods to measure groundwater discharge rates along the creek. Chloride concentrations in the upstream, disconnected reach were influenced by discharge of road salt during snow melt events and ranged from 161.2 to 1440 mg/l. Chloride concentrations in the downstream, connected reach had less temporal variation, ranging from 252.0 to 1049 mg/l, because of buffering by groundwater discharge, as groundwater chloride concentrations ranged from 84.0 to 655.4 mg/l. In the summer, there was little to no nitrate in the disconnected reach because of limited sources and high primary productivity, but concentrations reached over 1 mg N/l in the connected reach because of the presence of riparian vegetation. During the winter, when temperatures fell below freezing, nitrate concentrations in the disconnected reach increased to 0.58 mg N/l but were still lower than the connected reach, which averaged 0.88 mg N/l. Urban stream restoration projects that restore floodplain connection may impact water quality by storing high salinity road run‐off during winter overbank events and discharging that water year‐round, thereby attenuating seasonal fluctuations in chloride. Contrary to prior findings, we observed that floodplain connection and riparian vegetation may alter nitrate sources and sinks such that nitrate concentrations increase longitudinally in connected urban streams. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于有机-无机杂化材料的硝酸还原酶电极的研究     

赵林  于洋  闫博  谭欣  李若璞 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2007,37(2):355-360

在制备由聚乙烯醇和二氧化硅溶胶凝胶掺杂而成的有机-无机杂化材料的基础上,将硝酸还原酶用此杂化材料包埋固定在金盘电极上,利用甲基紫精为电子媒介体,制得高性能的安培型硝酸还原酶电极。此酶电极可以在-0.68 V（SCE）下对硝酸根进行测定,最适pH值为7.0,载酶量为7.2 mU。在选定的工作条件下,此酶电极的灵敏度和线性范围分别为2.53 nA/(μmol·L^-1)和0.01～0.36 mmol/L ,平均响应时间为12.1 s左右。  相似文献   

Sewage Sludge Activated Carbon as an Adsorbent and Catalytic Support: Evaluation of Nitrate Removal and Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling     

Clarissa H. Rosa  Cristiane R. Schmitt  Cecilia S. Fonseca  João Henrique Z. dos Santos  Toni J. Lopes  Gilber R. Rosa 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2023,51(1):2100399

  相似文献   

银和金的选择吸附实验研究及意义   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

朱笑青  黄艳  张乾  何玉良 《矿床地质》2005,24(4):445-450

吸附作用被认为是低温表生矿床的一种重要的成矿机制。文章内多种矿物对银和金的吸附实验表明,呈纳米粒级的银和金的单质对自然界矿物的吸附有明显的选择性,尤其是银对方铅矿和金对黄铁矿的强选择吸附,与自然界的实际情况符合得很好。这一实验结果为解释许多矿床中方铅矿常作为银的载体矿物及黄铁矿常作为金的载体矿物提供了科学依据。实验还证明了粘土、有机质和黑色页岩对银和金的吸附作用。  相似文献   

Hg²⁺对水鳖(Hydrocharis dubia)叶片生理生化及超微结构的毒害效应   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

郝怀庆  施国新  杜开和  徐勤松 《湖泊科学》2001,13(2):163-168

研究了不同浓度Hg^2 对水鳖叶片光合放氧速率,呼吸速率、细胞膜透性、硝酸还原酶活性以及超微结构的毒害影响,结果表明,随着Hg^2 浓度的增加,水鳖叶片的光合放氧速率逐渐下降,呼吸速率、硝酸还原酶活性先升后降,而细胞膜透性则逐渐上升,电镜观察发现,水鳖叶细胞受Hg^2 毒初期,染色质凝集,叶绿体中类囊体片层以及线粒体嵴突膨胀,随着叶细胞遭受毒害程度的加深,核膜破裂,染色质与核质消失,叶绿体膨胀解体,线粒体空泡化。  相似文献